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When demographics killed one political party
Finally, the ads have stopped, the votes have been tallied and later we’re hearing about 2016—already! But what should be learned from the 2012 election? Turning to the election of 1800 would be...
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Why James Madison thought ambition was a good thing
On the anniversary of The Federalist No. 51, Don Applestein Esq. explains how James Madison thought ambition—in moderation—was essential for democracy. One of the most innovative aspects of the...
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The three-fifths compromise: Rationalizing the irrational
On this date in 1788, Federalist No. 54 was published, defending the portion of the Constitution that counted slaves as three-fifths of a person. During the Constitutional Convention in 1787, as the...
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Federalist No. 62: Reflections on the “stability” of the Senate
On this day in 1788, The Federalist No. 62 was published, detailing the character and role of the Senate as outlined in Article I of the Constitution. Here’s an overview of what the essay said—and why...
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Remembering Benjamin Franklin 223 years after his passing
April 17 is the 223rd anniversary of Benjamin Franklin’s death in 1790, at the age of 84. We remember him well—particularly in Philadelphia. There is the Ben Franklin Bridge. The world-famous Franklin...
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Looking back at America’s forgotten first constitution
Today marks the 236th anniversary of America’s “other” constitution. But how many of us know when it was created and how and why it was adopted? Americans are very familiar with the Declaration of...
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The road to union: America’s forgotten first constitution
Donald Applestein looks back at America’s other Constitution, the Articles of Confederation, in a three-part series. First: how another group of Founders drew up an initial draft. John Dickinson The...
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The road to union: The states assert themselves
This is the second of three articles dealing with America’s forgotten first constitution: the Articles of Confederation. In this article Donald Applestein reviews the Articles as adopted by Congress...
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The Road To Union: The coming of America’s second Constitution
This is the third of three articles dealing with America’s forgotten first constitution: the Articles of Confederation. In this article, Donald Applestein looks at some of the challenges that arose...
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The day the United States became recognized as a sovereign nation
Donald Applestein looks at a milestone in the American struggle for independence, the finalization of the Treaty of Paris, which was a key victory away from the battlefield. On this date 231 years ago...
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December 7, 1787: One down and eight to go
The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same. Article VII, United States Constitution On...
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